Democratisation is the process through which a political system becomes more democratic, involving increased participation and representation. It encompasses the transition from authoritarian regimes to democratic governance, promoting civil liberties and political pluralism. Democratisation often involves institutional reforms, free and fair elections, and the establishment of rule of law. This process is crucial for ensuring that citizens have a voice in decision-making and that governments are accountable to the people. Democratisation can vary significantly across different regions, influenced by historical, cultural, and socio-economic factors.

Democratisation matters because it enhances political stability and promotes human rights. It allows for greater citizen participation in governance, leading to more responsive and accountable governments. Democratisation can also contribute to economic development by creating an environment conducive to investment and innovation. In the global context, democratisation supports international peace and security by reducing the likelihood of conflict and fostering cooperation among nations.

Academic consensus suggests that democratisation is a critical factor in the study of international relations, influencing global power dynamics and state behaviour. Scholars of international relations argue that democratic states are more likely to engage in cooperative international policies and uphold international law. Democratisation is often linked to the spread of liberal democratic values, which can impact global governance structures and international norms. This process is complex and multifaceted, often shaped by external influences such as international organisations and foreign policy interventions.